Longmore Hospital

This week, a brief history of Longmore Hospital.

An important service carried out by general hospitals in the nineteenth century was to provide for patients who had long-term conditions requiring constant nursing, which were unlikely or slow to improve and were deemed ‘incurable’.  An Edinburgh scheme was proposed in 1874, whereby a single central institution would be provided for incurable patients throughout Scotland. The only qualification of the patients was that they required constant medical care and skilled nursing. A hospital for this care was opened in Salisbury Place in 1875. By 1880, this converted house had become too small for its purposes and a new hospital was opened on the same site. A large amount of the funding for this was met by the trustees of the late J. A. Longmore, therefore this new hospital was named after him.

In 1898, the hospital was extended to include accommodation especially for the treatment of tuberculosis and cancer. In 1903, the hospital additionally received the Charter of Incorporation from King Edward VIII and became known as the Royal Edinburgh Hospital for Incurables. In 1906, Liberton Cottage Hospital on Lasswade Road was opened by the Earl of Dalkeith, allowing greater capacity.

From 1948 Longmore and Liberton Hospital, as it had by then become, was used by the newly formed NHS as part of the Group Training Scheme for nurses. This helped provide enough nursing staff to fully utilise all the beds in the hospitals.

Longmore Hospital closed in 1991, when its services were transferred to the Western General Hospital and the building has now become the headquarters for Historic Scotland. Liberton Hospital remains open, however, and today provides medical care for elderly patients, with a day hospital and specialist treatment for rehabilitation and stroke.

Longmore Hospital (LHSA pamphlet collection, Pa 8.38)

 

The image of Longmore Hospital dates approximately from the early twentieth century. LHSA’s records of Longmore Hospital include manager’s minutes, annual reports and patient registers for both Longmore and Liberton hospitals, under catalogue reference LHB34.

Last month the Science Festival, this month the Festival of Museums!

Next week we’ll be taking part in the Centre for Research Collection’s events programme for the Festival of Museums. A really interesting and varied range of activities and talks are on offer (for more details see the blog, One last dance), from swing dance classes and jewellery making to hairstyling.

The events programme has taken its inspiration from St Cecilia’s Hall in Edinburgh, which was a ballroom called the Excelsior in the 1940s, recreated for one last time as part of the Festival of Museums. All the events have a 1940s theme, including our contribution – a talk given by Louise, our Archivist – at 11am on Sunday 18 May. Louise will look at medical advances during the Second World War and the arrival of the NHS towards the end of the decade. If you’d like to book a free place then please click here (http://onelastdancefom.wordpress.com/events/) .

 

Digitising Audio Visual Material

VHS and audio cassettes in the HIV/AIDS collections are the focus of this week’s blog by our project conservator, Emily:

In the HIV/AIDS collections there are 32 VHS and 46 audio cassette tapes. These cassettes are known as magnetic media as the tape used to carry the information is made from a thin layer capable of recording a magnetic signal which is supported by a thicker film backing. Although these were only formed during the 80s and 90s, they are already showing signs of deterioration. As the materials used to form the cassette ages, the magnetic signal is lost, resulting in a loss of audio and visual quality. This can occur just two years after recording and it is estimated that VHS and audio cassettes have a lifespan of just 30 years. The deterioration of magnetic media cannot be stopped. However, correct storage and handling can slow down the rate of deterioration and reduce the risk of damage due to physical factors.

Screen shot of GD22/12/24, an advert for the National AIDS Helpline. Shows loss of visual quality.

 

Unlike printed documents, magnetic media only stores the information. So to be able to access the data, not only does the object itself need to be conserved, but also the viewing equipment that reads the format. Therefore the information recorded on media devices can also be lost due to obsolescence of the media technology. It is becoming increasingly difficult to view VHS and audio cassettes and often impossible to view other formats. For example, we have been unable to access an 8 inch floppy disc in the collection due to lack of equipment. To overcome this problem, media objects can be digitised to transfer the data to a modern format. We recently sent a selection of VHS and audio cassettes consisting of a range of programmes and adverts aimed at different groups of people to be digitised. The information stored on the cassettes was transferred to an uncompressed format which avoids loss of quality and has now been returned to us on an external hard drive. Access copies were also made in a compressed format for ease of viewing. Here is a short example of one of the digitised items from the "Take Care Campaign":

GD22/12/30a RSA Advertising. "Take Care" and "Use a Rubber"

Although this stops the data being lost completely, it does not solve the problem. Modern formats of media storage are also subject to the same risks as older media storage systems. The materials used to make the current storage will degrade over time and the equipment used to view the media will also become outdated as technology advances. It is recommended that digitised items be transferred to new formats every five years, making the preservation of digital material an ongoing and potentially costly process. However, audio visual material provides a unique perspective of the past, so it is essential to carry out these tasks to avoid losing the unique information stored on the cassettes.